Correct option is A
- The Fundamental Duties were incorporated in Part IV-A of the Indian Constitution through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976. At present, there are eleven fundamental duties under Article 51 A of the constitution.
- The idea of Fundamental Duties has been borrowed from the erstwhile USSR. Originally the duties were ten in number, later on through 86th Amendment Act, 2002, the eleventh Fundamental duty was added.
- Fundamental duties are non-enforceable in nature. Swaran Singh Committee recommended the inclusion of Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution.
The following is a list of 11 fundamental duties –
- Abide by the Constitution and respect national flag & National Anthem
- Follow ideals of the freedom struggle
- Protect sovereignty & integrity of India
- Defend the country and render national services when called upon
- Developing the spirit of common brotherhood
- Preserve composite culture of the country
- Preserve natural environment
- Develop scientific temper and humanity
- Safeguard public property and avoid violence
- Strive for excellence in all spheres of life.
- Duty of all parents/guardians to send their children in the age group of 6-14 years to school.