What distinguishes post-modern political theory from traditional theory?

Correct option is D

The correct answer is d) Deconstruction and identity politics.

Information Booster :
Post-modern political theory (emerging prominently in the late 20th century) is a radical critique of the core assumptions of both Traditional (Classical) and Modern (Behavioral) political thought.

Distinguishing Features:
Deconstruction (Rejection of Foundationalism): Post-modernists (like Foucault and Derrida) argue that all concepts and institutions—such as "truth," "reason," "justice," and "the State"—are not neutral, timeless universals. Instead, they are socially constructed products of historical power relations, typically used to legitimize the dominance of certain groups. Deconstruction is the method of analyzing and exposing these hidden power dynamics within seemingly neutral language and institutions.

Rejection of the "Grand Narrative": Post-modernism rejects the idea of a single, overarching, "grand narrative" of history or progress (e.g., the march toward liberal democracy or communism).

Focus on Identity and Difference: By rejecting universal human nature, post-modernism shifts focus to the plurality of human experience and the politics of difference, which gives rise to identity politics—the analysis and pursuit of interests by groups defined by shared experiences of oppression (race, gender, sexuality, etc.).