The scope of political theory includes the study of:

Correct option is D

The correct answer is d. fundamental political concepts like liberty, justice, equality, rights, and democracy.

 Detailed Explanation of the Scope of Political Theory
The scope of political theory is primarily concerned with the abstract and normative foundations of political life, distinguishing it from purely empirical or institutional studies.

Focus on Concepts: Political theory is dedicated to defining, analyzing, critically evaluating, and establishing the relationships between fundamental political concepts.

Liberty: What does it mean to be free? What are the limits of freedom?
Justice: What is a just society or a just distribution of resources? (e.g., John Rawls's Theory of Justice)
Equality: In what ways should people be equal or unequal (legal, political, economic)?
Rights: What rights do individuals possess, and where do they come from?
Democracy: What is the ideal form of democratic rule, and what are its philosophical justifications?

Normative Orientation: The field seeks to provide a normative orientation, meaning it addresses how political life ought to be structured, what values should guide political action, and what is the good or best political order (as seen in the works of Plato, Rousseau, etc.).