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    ​The pKa of the ionizable groups in the tripeptide shown below are indicated in the structure.​​The isoelectric point (pl) of this peptide is​
    Question

    The pKa of the ionizable groups in the tripeptide shown below are indicated in the structure.

    The isoelectric point (pl) of this peptide is

    A.

    10.15

    B.

    6

    C.

    6.35

    D.

    7.5

    Correct option is A

    Explanation-

    Step 1: Identify the ionizable groups and their pKa values
    From the image, the peptide has three ionizable groups:
                                     α-carboxyl group (C-terminal): pKa₁ = 2.2
                                     α-amino group (N-terminal): pKa₂ = 9.8
                                     Side chain of lysine (–NH₃⁺): pKaR = 10.5
    Step 2: Determine the charge states at different pH
    At low pH (e.g., pH 1):
    All ionizable groups are protonated:
            NH₃⁺ (N-term): +1
            COOH (C-term): 0
             Lysine side chain NH₃⁺: +1
                         → Net charge = +2
    As pH increases:
    First, the C-terminal COOH loses a proton at pKa ≈ 2.2 → becomes COO⁻ (charge −1)
    → Net charge = +1
    Next, the N-terminal NH₃⁺ loses a proton at pKa ≈ 9.8 → becomes NH₂ (charge 0)
    → Net charge = 0 .  This is one potential point of isoelectricity
    Then, the lysine side chain NH₃⁺ loses a proton at pKa ≈ 10.5 → becomes NH₂ (neutral)
    → Net charge = −1
    Step 3: Find the pI (pH at which net charge = 0) 
     The pI lies between the two pKa values where the peptide has a net charge of +1 and −1 — that is, between:
              pKa₂ = 9.8 (N-terminal NH₃⁺ → NH₂)
              pKaR = 10.5 (Lysine side chain NH₃⁺ → NH₂)
    So,

    pI=9.8+10.52=20.32=10.15\text{pI} = \frac{9.8 + 10.5}{2} = \frac{20.3}{2} = \mathbf{10.15}

    Correct answer: Option a : 10.15​​

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