The organized bodies of information stored in memory that bias the way new information is interpreted, stored, and recalled is known as:

Correct option is B

The correct answer is: (b). Schemas are mental frameworks that organize our knowledge and experiences. They influence how we interpret new information, how we store it in memory, and how we recall it later.
 Constructive process is a broader term referring to how we actively build memories, incorporating our existing knowledge and biases. Schemas are a type of constructive process.
 Chunks are groups of related information stored together in memory. While schemas can involve chunks, they are more about the overall framework of knowledge.
 Association is the linking of ideas or concepts in memory. Schemas involve associations, but they also encompass a broader understanding of a topic.
Therefore, schemas best capture the concept of organized bodies of information that bias how we process new information.