The major sign of ARF is:

Correct option is A

The major sign of Acute Renal Failure (ARF) is an increased serum creatinine level. ARF, also known as Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), occurs when the kidneys suddenly lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood. Creatinine is a waste product generated from muscle metabolism, and its levels rise when the kidneys are unable to excrete it properly.
Information Booster:
· Normal serum creatinine levels:
· Men: 0.7 – 1.3 mg/dL
· Women: 0.6 – 1.1 mg/dL
· In ARF, creatinine levels increase rapidly, indicating a decline in kidney function.
· Other signs of ARF include oliguria (reduced urine output), fluid retention, electrolyte imbalances, and uremia (build-up of waste in blood).
Additional Knowledge:
· Elevated Blood Cholesterol:
· High cholesterol is linked to cardiovascular diseases but is not a direct sign of ARF.
· However, kidney disease patients may develop dyslipidemia (abnormal lipid levels) over time.
· Decreased Blood Pressure:
· ARF often causes high blood pressure due to fluid retention, rather than low blood pressure.
· However, low blood pressure (hypotension) may contribute to ARF if it reduces kidney perfusion.
· Decreased Bone Mass Density:
· Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can lead to bone mineral loss (renal osteodystrophy) due to calcium-phosphorus imbalance, but this is not an acute sign of ARF.