​The main reason for the Chola penetration into Kalinga was ________?

Correct option is B

The main reason for the Chola penetration into Kalinga was the challenges posed by Maṣūnīdesa, who was the ruler of the Kalinga region. The Chola Empire, under Rajendra I, sought to expand its territory and secure the eastern coastline, which included Kalinga. This expansion was prompted by a desire to establish control over vital trade routes and expand the empire's influence. Maṣūnīdesa's resistance to Chola authority led to military action, which resulted in the Chola penetration into Kalinga.

Information Booster:

Maṣūnīdesa, as a ruler in Kalinga, posed significant challenges to the Chola Empire's expansionist goals. The Cholas, known for their maritime prowess and territorial ambitions, were keen on securing the eastern coast. This was essential not only for military expansion but also for control over the flourishing trade routes. The Chola Emperor Rajendra I initiated the military campaign in Kalinga to counter Maṣūnīdesa's resistance and to further the Chola Empire's regional dominance.