The concept of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) was given by whom?

Correct option is C

The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) was introduced by Lev Vygotsky, a renowned Soviet psychologist. The ZPD represents the gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance or collaboration with a more knowledgeable individual, often referred to as the "more knowledgeable other" (MKO). Vygotsky emphasized that learning is a social process and that cognitive development is strongly linked to interaction with others. The concept is widely used in education to design effective teaching strategies that challenge students within their ZPD, ensuring optimal learning and growth.
Information Booster:
1. ZPD highlights the importance of social interaction in learning.
2. Scaffolding is crucial for assisting learners within their ZPD.
3. It focuses on potential development rather than current abilities.
4. Teachers use ZPD to provide tasks slightly beyond the learner’s independent capabilities.
5. Collaboration and guided learning are key elements of ZPD.
Additional Knowledge:
· Piaget: Focused on cognitive development stages and individual construction of knowledge but did not emphasize the role of social interaction like Vygotsky.
· Bandura: Known for his Social Learning Theory, emphasizing observational learning and modeling, not ZPD.
· Skinner: Associated with Behaviorism, emphasizing reinforcement and conditioning rather than cognitive or social aspects of learning.