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"The ancient classical period saw significant progress in academic fields across different areas of study. Ancient scholars like Plato, Aristotle, Thales, Anaximander, Ptolemy and Eratosthenes had such a huge impact on western thought that it was really hard to get beyond their ideas and theories for many centuries. The journeys and discoveries made during this time resulted in a better understanding of the previously unknown world. The Greeks made significant contributions to the progress of human knowledge. They collected information from various ancient civilizations and expanded on it through theories and observations. Greek scholars thought about every possible topic. Their works really set the ground work for newly all the fields we study today. Their impressive contributions really helped establish geography as a solid discipline, especially in areas like mathematical, physical, historical and regional geography. It’s hard to think about today’s scientific advancements without considering the ground work laid by those ancient scholars."
Eratosthenes, a Greek scholar and geographer, improved upon Aristotle's concept of climatic zones by introducing mathematical boundaries based on latitude. He divided the Earth into five climatic zones, refining Aristotle’s classification.
The term "Terra Incognita" (Latin for "Unknown Land") was first used by Claudius Ptolemy, a Greek geographer, mathematician, and astronomer. He introduced this concept in his work "Geographia", referring to unexplored or undiscovered regions of the Earth.
Aristotle proposed the idea that the Earth was divided into three climatic zones:
1. Torrid Zone (near the equator) – Considered too hot and uninhabitable.
2. Temperate Zone – The only region suitable for human habitation.
3. Frigid Zone (near the poles) – Too cold for habitation.
This classification influenced later geographical theories and early European perspectives on exploration and settlement.
Pythagoras is believed to have been a disciple of Anaximander, one of the early Ionian philosophers. He absorbed the cosmological ideas of the Ionians, particularly those related to the nature of the universe, mathematics, and harmony.
Strabo, a Greek geographer and historian, is regarded as one of the most important sources of ancient geographical knowledge. His work, "Geographica", provided extensive descriptions of the known world during the Greco-Roman period, covering Europe, Asia, and Africa.
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