The components of 'Social Efficiency' defined by Prof. Bagley of America are

Correct option is D

William Chandler Bagley defined the components of 'Social Efficiency' as Positive, Economic and Negative Morality (Option: Positive, Economic and Negative Morality).
Information Booster:
Explanation of the correct answer in pointers in detail
· Concept of Social Efficiency: William Chandler Bagley introduced social efficiency as a primary educational aim, defining it as the development of an individual's capacity to render service to society and pull their own weight without relying on or burdening others.
· Economic Morality (Self-Sufficiency):
· Refers to an individual's ability to be economically independent, productive, and self-supporting.
· The curriculum must equip individuals with practical knowledge, skills, and vocational competence so they do not become an economic burden on society.
· Negative Morality (Harmlessness):
· Refers to refraining from actions that harm or interfere with the welfare of others.
· It involves self-restraint, respect for laws, civic duty, and ensuring that one's personal pursuits do not negatively impact the peace or rights of the community.
· Positive Morality (Contribution & Social Service):
· Represents an active commitment to contributing positively to the social good and common welfare.
· It moves beyond non-interference to include active altruism, social service, civic participation, and advancing democratic and social goals.
Additional Knowledge:
Explanation of the other options apart from the correct statements
· Positive & Economic Morality:
· Why it is incomplete: This option omits Negative Morality, which represents the essential requirement of personal restraint and non-harmfulness toward others in society.
· Negative Morality:
· Why it is incomplete: Selecting only Negative Morality accounts for harmlessness while completely ignoring Economic Morality (economic productivity) and Positive Morality (active social contribution).
· Positive & Negative Morality:
· Why it is incomplete: This combination ignores Economic Morality, which Bagley highlighted as the fundamental baseline for an individual to avoid being an economic burden on society.