Correct option is B

Motivation consists of three key components that explain how and why individuals act to achieve goals:

1. Activation
2. Persistence
3. Intensity

Information Booster:

Activation: Refers to the initiation of behavior, such as deciding to start a new activity or pursue a goal. Example: Enrolling in a course to learn a new skill.

Persistence: Involves the sustained effort required to achieve a goal despite obstacles or challenges. Example: Continuing to study even when it feels difficult.

Intensity: Reflects the level of effort and focus a person applies to an activity. Example: Preparing extensively for an important exam with complete dedication

Correct option is D

Intrinsic motivation refers to engaging in activities for the inherent satisfaction or enjoyment they provide, rather than for external rewards. Its key components include:

1. Autonomy
2. Mastery
3. Purpose

Information Booster:

Self-Determination Theory (SDT) – Deci & Ryan (1985)

Definition

• Explains motivation through three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
• Differentiates intrinsic motivation (internal satisfaction) from extrinsic motivation (external rewards).

Three Basic Needs

• Autonomy – Desire for control over actions (e.g., students perform better with choice).
• Competence – Need to feel skilled and capable (e.g., gamers stay engaged when improving).
• Relatedness – Need for social connection (e.g., employees work harder in a supportive team).

Correct option is C

Additional Information:

1. One Size Fits All
• A standardized approach that assumes a single solution is suitable for everyone, regardless of individual differences.
• Example: A universal training program designed for all employees without considering their skill levels.
2. Absurd Function Approach
• A concept where a method or solution is applied even when it is irrational, impractical, or does not logically fit the situation.
• Example: Using outdated teaching methods in a modern digital classroom.
3. The Approach Will Work for Me
• Indicates a belief that a specific method or strategy is suitable for an individual’s unique needs.
• Example: A person choosing a particular diet plan because it aligns with their lifestyle and preferences.

Correct option is B

• Self-Determination Theory (SDT) was developed by Edward Deci and Richard Ryan in the 1980s.
• The theory emphasizes that people are inherently motivated to grow and achieve fulfillment when their basic psychological needs are met.

Information Booster:

Three Basic Psychological Needs in SDT:

1. Autonomy: Feeling in control of one’s actions and decisions.
2. Competence: Feeling capable of mastering challenges and achieving goals.
3. Relatedness: Feeling connected and valued in relationships with others.

Additional Information:

1. Shelley E. Taylor: Known for her work on health psychology and positive illusions, not SDT.
2. Barbara Frederickson: Associated with the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions.
3. Seligman and Lubomirsky: Known for contributions to positive psychology but not SDT.

Correct option is A

refers to internalized pressure to perform a task, driven by guilt, shame, or a desire for external approval.

Information Booster: