Which of the following are the methods of solving problems?
1. Trial and error
2. Mental set
3. Algorithm
4. Heuristics
5. Functional fixedness

Correct option is C

● 1. Trial and error: This is a method where you try different solutions until you find the correct one. It is often used when the solution is not obvious or easily deducible.
● 3. Algorithm: This is a step-by-step procedure that guarantees a solution if followed correctly. It is systematic and methodical, ensuring accuracy.
● 4. Heuristics: These are mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that simplify decision-making and problem-solving, although they do not guarantee a solution like algorithms do.

Information Booster
● 1. Trial and Error: While effective for some problems, this method can be inefficient and time-consuming. It often requires multiple attempts to find the right solution.
● 2. Algorithms: They are reliable for problems with a clear, logical solution. Examples include mathematical calculations, sorting algorithms, and recipes.
● 3. Heuristics: Heuristics are useful for solving problems quickly, but they may lead to errors or biases. Examples include the availability heuristic (judging based on readily available information) and representativeness heuristic (judging based on stereotypes).
● 4. Cognitive Obstacles: Mental set and functional fixedness limit problem-solving ability. A mental set refers to the tendency to approach problems in a familiar way, while functional fixedness is the inability to see objects used in a new way.

Additional Information

Mental Set:
● Mental set can be both helpful and harmful. While it allows people to use learned strategies efficiently, it can also lead to inefficient problem-solving if the old strategy doesn't apply.
● Example: If a person has always solved math problems using a certain formula, they might stick to it even if a new method would be quicker or easier.
● Overcoming a mental set often requires flexible thinking, which can be developed through practice and learning new problem-solving techniques.

Functional Fixedness:
● The classic example of functional fixedness is the candle problem, where a person is asked to attach a candle to the wall using only a matchbox, tack, and a candle. Many people fail because they focus on the matchbox as a container, overlooking its potential as a mounting base.
● Overcoming functional fixedness requires seeing objects in new, creative ways and thinking beyond their traditional uses.
● Creative problem-solving often involves reframing the way we look at objects and their uses.