Given below are two statements - one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Philosophically the word pragmatism emphasizes results rather than methods.
Reasons (R): A pragmatic view of science accepts methodological approaches to knowledge.
In the light of above two statements choose the correct option:

Correct option is B

Both statements are true but not causally related. Assertion (A) correctly characterizes philosophical pragmatism (Peirce, James, Dewey) as emphasizing practical consequences and outcomes over abstract methodological purity—truth is determined by utility and workability. Reason (R) is also true: pragmatic science values methodological pluralism, accepting diverse empirical approaches if they produce reliable knowledge. However, (R) does not explain (A) because they address different aspects: (A) concerns outcome-focused epistemology while (R) concerns methodological flexibility, which are complementary but independent characteristics of pragmatism.

Information Booster:
● Philosophical pragmatism: American philosophical tradition emphasizing practical effects as criteria for meaning and truth (Peirce, James, Dewey)
● Truth criterion: Ideas are true if they work satisfactorily in practice and lead to successful predictions
● Methodological pragmatism: Accepts multiple research methods (quantitative, qualitative, mixed) based on research questions
● Anti-foundationalism: Rejects search for absolute foundations; knowledge is provisional and context-dependent
● Application in psychology: Supports mixed-methods research, applied focus, and evidence-based practice
● Contrast with rationalism: Emphasizes experience and consequences over pure reason or a priori principles