Deductive reasoning involves

Correct option is B

Deductive Reasoning:
● Definition: A type of reasoning that starts with a general premise and moves to a specific conclusion.
● Characteristics:
○ Top-down approach: Begins with broad principles or theories and applies them to specific cases.
○ Certainty: If the premises are true, the conclusion is definitely true.
○ Example:
■ Premise: All humans are mortal.
■ Premise: Socrates is a human.
■ Conclusion: Socrates is mortal.

Additional Information:

Inductive Reasoning:
● Definition: A type of reasoning that starts with specific observations and moves to a general conclusion.
● Characteristics:
○ Bottom-up approach: Observes patterns and makes generalizations.
○ Probability: Conclusions are likely but not guaranteed to be true.
○ Example:
■ Observation: The sun has risen every day so far.
■ Conclusion: The sun will rise tomorrow.