​Match the LIST-I with LIST-II

LIST-I (Scholar)		LIST-II (Work)
A.	Fred Riggs	I.	The Practice of Management
B.	Yehezkel Dror	II.	The Ecology of Public Administration
C.	Peter Drucker	III.	The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
D.	Karl Marx	IV.	Public Policy Making Re-examined

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is A

• A. Fred Riggs is known for his work "The Ecology of Public Administration (II)". Fred Riggs was a scholar of public administration who introduced the concept of the "ecology" of public administration, analyzing how public administration is influenced by the broader societal, cultural, and environmental contexts.

• B. Yehezkel Dror authored "Public Policy Making Re-examined (IV)". Dror is known for his work on public policy and its formulation, and this particular book critically examined how public policy is developed and evaluated.

• C. Peter Drucker is best known for "The Practice of Management (I)". Drucker was a pioneering figure in the field of management, and this book discusses management practices and principles in organizations, establishing him as a foundational thinker in management theory.

• D. Karl Marx wrote "The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (III)". This work is a historical analysis by Marx that critiques the rise of Louis Bonaparte and explores the political developments in France during the 19th century, using his dialectical materialist approach to examine class struggle and political power.

  Thus Option A  => A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III is the Correct Match .
  

Information Booster:

• Fred Riggs: His theory on the ecology of public administration is key to understanding how public organizations and administration function within specific socio-cultural and environmental settings. He believed that administration cannot be studied in isolation but must take into account the larger context.

• Yehezkel Dror: Known for his expertise in public policy and governance, Dror’s works highlight the need for policymakers to reconsider how policies are formed and the implications they have on both society and governance systems.

• Peter Drucker: Drucker’s "The Practice of Management" helped redefine management as a discipline, focusing not only on the operational and strategic functions within organizations but also on the importance of leadership, innovation, and societal contribution.

• Karl Marx: In "The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte," Marx explored the political dynamics of post-revolutionary France, analyzing the rise of Bonaparte and the class struggles that shaped French politics during the mid-19th century.

Additional Information :

1. Fred Riggs (1917–2008)
Fred Riggs was an American political scientist and a prominent figure in the field of public administration. He is best known for his pioneering work on the ecology of public administration, which examines how public administration interacts with its social, political, and cultural environment. Riggs emphasized the importance of understanding the environmental and societal context in which public administration operates, arguing that the administration cannot be studied in isolation but must be viewed through the lens of the society in which it functions. His most notable work, "The Ecology of Public Administration", presented a framework for analyzing the interconnectedness of public administration and its environment.

2. Yehezkel Dror (1921–2020)
Yehezkel Dror was an Israeli political scientist, a key figure in the study of public policy and governance. He is best known for his work in the field of public policy-making, with a particular focus on the complexities and challenges of contemporary policy development. Dror’s influential book, "Public Policy Making Re-examined", critiques the traditional methods of policy-making, arguing that modern challenges require a more flexible, adaptive, and systems-oriented approach. Dror is regarded as a visionary thinker, especially in understanding the role of public administration in dynamic and rapidly changing environments.

3. Peter Drucker (1909–2005)
Peter Drucker was an Austrian-born American management consultant, educator, and author, often regarded as the father of modern management theory. His work revolutionized the way organizations approach management, leadership, and innovation. Drucker emphasized the need for managers to be socially responsible, to focus on long-term goals, and to consider the impact of their decisions on society. His influential book, "The Practice of Management", outlined management practices that are still widely used in organizations today. He also introduced concepts like management by objectives (MBO) and stressed the importance of entrepreneurship and innovation in business.

4. Karl Marx (1818–1883)
Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, and revolutionary socialist. He is best known for his theories of historical materialism and his critique of capitalist society. Marx argued that history is shaped by the economic structure and class struggle, with the conflict between the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and the proletariat (working class) driving societal change. His most famous works include "The Communist Manifesto" and "Das Kapital". Marx's analysis of class struggle and his ideas about the revolutionary potential of the working class have had a profound influence on political thought and social movements around the world. His work "The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte" is a detailed analysis of French politics during the mid-19th century, focusing on the rise of Louis Bonaparte and the political dynamics that led to his consolidation of power.

Key Contributions of Each Scholar:

Fred Riggs: His concept of the ecology of public administration reshaped how we view the relationship between administrative systems and their environments.
Yehezkel Dror: Dror’s contributions helped advance the study of public policy by calling for more dynamic, adaptive approaches to policy-making.
Peter Drucker: His work established the foundation for modern management theory, focusing on organizational effectiveness, leadership, and innovation.
Karl Marx: Marx’s theories on class struggle, economic systems, and social change influenced both academic thought and political movements worldwide, particularly socialist and communist ideologies.

These scholars have contributed vastly to their respective fields, shaping the way we think about public administration, policy-making, management, and social theory.