Match the LIST—I with LIST-II

List – I (Concepts)		List – II (Meanings)
A.	Theory	I.	Generalized representations of a system or an object, that is constructed to some aspects of that system or the system as a whole.
B.	Model	II.	Research problem is represented by a mathematical model.
C.	Survey	III.	It is a set of systematically interrelated propositions that explain and predict a phenomenon or a fact.
D.	Modeling	IV.	It is a data collection technique using a questionnaire.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is D

Introduction: In research and scientific inquiry, understanding the definitions of key concepts is crucial. Let's match the concepts with their meanings:

Information Booster:

Let's define each concept from LIST-I and find its best match in LIST-II:

• A. Theory:

  • A theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment. It is a framework for explaining and predicting phenomena.

  • Match: III. It is a set of systematically interrelated propositions that explain and predict a phenomenon or a fact. This definition accurately captures the essence of a theory as a structured set of ideas used for explanation and prediction.

• B. Model:

  • A model in a scientific or research context is a simplified representation of a system, phenomenon, or object. It helps in understanding, analyzing, or predicting the behavior of the real-world entity it represents. Models can be physical, conceptual, or mathematical.

  • Match: I. Generalized representations of a system or an object, that is constructed to some aspects of that system or the system as a whole. This definition aligns perfectly with the role of a model as a representation.

• C. Survey:

  • A survey is a research method used for collecting data from a predefined group of respondents to gain information and insights into various topics of interest. It commonly involves the use of questionnaires or interviews.

  • Match: IV. It is a data collection technique using a questionnaire. This is the most direct and common understanding of a survey in research.

• D. Modeling:

  • Modeling (or "modelling") refers to the process of creating a model. In research, this often involves developing a mathematical or computational representation of a problem or system to analyze its behavior or find solutions.

  • Match: II. Research problem is represented by a mathematical model. This specifically describes the act of "modeling" within a research context, particularly when a mathematical approach is used.

Additional Knowledge:

Theory vs. Hypothesis: A theory is a broad explanation supported by extensive evidence, while a hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction derived from a theory or observation.

Model vs. Theory: A model is a representation (often simplified) of a system, while a theory is an explanation of how and why that system works. A model can be used to test or illustrate a theory.

Survey vs. Experiment: A survey collects data on existing conditions or opinions, while an experiment manipulates variables to determine cause-and-effect relationships.