Match List I with List II:

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is B

Biodegradation (A)-(I):
This refers to the biologically-mediated alteration of a waste compound, which can sometimes result in a more toxic form due to intermediate products formed during the degradation process.
Biotransformation (B)-(III):
Biotransformation is the breakdown of organic wastes into simpler inorganic forms like CO₂, NH₃, SO₄²⁻, and phosphate compounds. This process facilitates the recycling of nutrients.
Detoxification (C)-(IV):
Detoxification involves the conversion of a toxic substance into a non-toxic form, often through microbial or chemical processes.
Mineralization (D)-(II):
Mineralization is the breakdown of organic materials into simple inorganic compounds that can be absorbed as nutrients, completing the biogeochemical cycle.
Key Points: 1. Biodegradation may sometimes produce harmful by-products before complete breakdown.
2. Biotransformation plays a critical role in the biogeochemical recycling of nutrients.
3. Detoxification mechanisms are vital for neutralizing hazardous pollutants.
4. Mineralization is the final step in the organic matter breakdown, releasing inorganic nutrients.