In which one of the following concepts, a buyer is passively involved in an exchange transaction, and he accepts whatever is offered to him by a marketer?

Correct option is A

In the production concept, the primary focus is on the efficient production and distribution of goods. The assumption is that customers will prefer products that are widely available and affordable. The buyer, in this case, is passively involved in the exchange transaction and accepts whatever is offered by the marketer, as long as it is available and affordable.
The production concept reflects a product-centric approach, where the organization prioritizes its internal production capabilities and efficiencies over the specific needs and wants of the customers. The marketer assumes that customers will be willing to buy products that are produced in large quantities and made available at low prices.