"Idealism holds that ultimate reality is spiritualism" according to

Correct option is D

The statement "Idealism holds that ultimate reality is spiritualism" is defined by Dutta (D. M. Dutta).
Information Booster:
· Exact Philosophical Definition: D. M. Dutta defined Idealism by emphasizing its core metaphysical stance: that the physical universe is merely an appearance or secondary creation, whereas the ultimate, enduring reality is spiritual in nature.
· Core Tenet of Idealism: Dutta highlighted that Idealist philosophy prioritizes the mind, spirit, and non-material values over physical matter, maintaining that spiritual laws govern the cosmos.
· Spiritual Realization as the Goal: According to Dutta's interpretation within educational philosophy, understanding this spiritual reality leads to self-realization, which forms the ultimate aim of human life and education.
Additional Knowledge:
· Plato: Known as the father of Western Idealism, Plato proposed the Theory of Forms/Ideas, stating that physical objects are mere shadows of perfect, eternal ideas residing in a higher realm, rather than using this specific quoted definition.
· Mahatma Gandhi: Advocated Spiritual Humanism and Practical Idealism centered on Satya (Truth) and Ahimsa (Non-violence) as the ultimate reality, integrating spirituality directly into character building and Nai Talim (Basic Education).
· Ross (J. S. Ross): Defined Idealism differently by stating: "Idealistic philosophy takes many and varied forms, but the postulate underlying all this is that mind or spirit is the essential world stuff...".