During the British rule who among the following said, "...our system of higher education in India is a failure; that it has sacrificed the formation of character upon the alter of cram."

Correct option is C

The statement was made by Lord Curzon, who served as the Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905. He was a strong critic of the Indian education system introduced during British rule, particularly the rote-learning method, which he believed hindered the development of character and creativity among students. Curzon’s concerns led to the establishment of the Indian Universities Commission in 1902 and the subsequent Universities Act of 1904, which aimed to reform the higher education system in India.
Information Booster 1. Curzon’s Educational Reforms:
· Universities Act (1904) increased state control over universities.
· Emphasis on improving administrative efficiency in education.
2. Criticism of Rote Learning: A common issue in colonial education systems, prioritizing memorization over analytical and creative thinking.
3. Other Education Critics: Annie Besant (promoted holistic and theosophical education), Macaulay (focused on English education but was criticized for neglecting Indian culture).