Arrange the following chronologically according to their year of foundation:

(A) Takshashila
(B) Vikramsila
(C) Nalanda
(D) Pushpagiri
(E) Navadwip

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is B

1. Takshashila (Taxila)

   • Founded around 600 BC to 500 BC
   • Located in Gandhara (modern-day Pakistan), Takshashila was one of the earliest universities known for a comprehensive education in subjects like military science, statecraft, and more.

2. Pushpagiri

   • Founded around the 3rd century CE
   • Pushpagiri was an important Buddhist learning center in ancient India. It contributed to Buddhist education and had significant influence during its time, especially in the field of Buddhist philosophy and studies.

3. Nalanda University

   • Founded around 425 AD to 1205 AD
   • Located in Magadha, Nalanda was a prestigious educational institution, attracting students from all over the world, particularly from China, Korea, and Tibet. It was known for its rigorous curriculum in various subjects like philosophy, astronomy, and mathematics.

4. Vikramsila University

   • Founded around 800 AD to 1203 AD
   • Located in Magadha, Vikramsila was founded by King Dharmapala. It specialized in Buddhist studies and had a structured degree system, which rivaled Nalanda during its peak.

5. Navadwip

   • Founded around the 12th century CE
   • Navadwip became an important educational center, especially known for its focus on philosophy, linguistics, and Sanskrit studies. It also played a key role in the Bengali Renaissance, with scholars contributing to Hindu philosophy and literature.

(A), (D), (C), (B), (E)

• (A) Takshashila (600 BC - 500 BC)
• (D) Pushpagiri (3rd Century CE)
• (C) Nalanda (425 AD - 1205 AD)
• (B) Vikramsila (800 AD - 1203 AD)
• (E) Navadwip (12th Century CE)

1. Takshashila (Taxila) (600 BC - 500 BC):

   • One of the earliest known universities, attracting students from across the ancient world and offering a wide range of subjects including military science, medicine, and philosophy.

2. Pushpagiri (3rd Century CE):

   • A significant Buddhist university in ancient India, contributing to Buddhist learning and philosophy, located in modern-day Odisha.

3. Nalanda University (425 AD - 1205 AD):

   • A prestigious center of higher learning, attracting scholars from China, Tibet, and Korea, known for its comprehensive curriculum in multiple disciplines.

4. Vikramsila University (800 AD - 1203 AD):

   • Founded by King Dharmapala, Vikramsila was a key Buddhist monastic university and was known for its structured degree system and academic excellence.

5. Navadwip (12th Century CE):

   • A center of intellectual and cultural learning in Bengal, particularly known for its contributions to Sanskrit studies and Hindu philosophy during the Bengali Renaissance.