Clinical symptoms associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) are:
A. Hyponatremia B. Hypoglycemia C. Pyrosis D. Dysphagia E. Dental corrosion
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct option is D

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition where stomach acid or bile irritates the lining of the esophagus. GERD leads to a range of clinical symptoms, which include:
1. C. Pyrosis (Heartburn):
· Pyrosis refers to the burning sensation in the chest, commonly known as heartburn. This is a hallmark symptom of GERD, which occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, irritating its lining.
2. D. Dysphagia (Difficulty swallowing):
· Dysphagia is a difficulty in swallowing food or liquids, which can occur when the esophagus is damaged or narrowed due to chronic acid reflux. GERD can lead to inflammation and scarring in the esophagus, making swallowing difficult.
3. E. Dental corrosion:
· Dental corrosion or enamel erosion is a common symptom of GERD. The acid that refluxes into the mouth can erode tooth enamel, leading to tooth decay and sensitivity. This can be seen in individuals with untreated or severe GERD.
Information Booster:
· Pyrosis (C): Heartburn or pyrosis occurs when stomach acid irritates the lower esophagus. It is a major symptom that typically follows a large meal or lying down after eating.
· Dysphagia (D): The inflammation of the esophagus caused by GERD can result in a narrowing or scarring of the esophagus (also called esophageal stricture), making it difficult to swallow, particularly solid foods.
· Dental corrosion (E): When acid from the stomach reaches the mouth, it can cause significant damage to tooth enamel, leading to cavities or erosion. This is an often overlooked, yet common symptom in GERD patients.
Additional Knowledge on Incorrect Options:
· A. Hyponatremia: Hyponatremia (low sodium levels in the blood) is not typically associated with GERD. It may occur in other conditions such as kidney disease or severe dehydration, but it is not a primary symptom of GERD.
· B. Hypoglycemia: Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) is unrelated to GERD. GERD primarily affects the digestive system, while hypoglycemia is typically caused by conditions related to insulin production or the management of glucose in the body.