Correct option is B
Introduction:
Theories of Organizational Behaviour and Culture explain employee motivation, managerial assumptions, and cultural influences in organizations. Correctly matching each theory with its proponent ensures conceptual clarity and reflects well-established contributions in management and organizational behaviour literature.
Information Booster:
Theory X and Theory Y (A – Douglas McGregor, I): Proposed by Douglas McGregor, these theories describe two contrasting managerial views of employees—Theory X assumes employees are inherently lazy and require control, while Theory Y assumes employees are self-motivated, responsible, and capable of self-direction.
Hierarchy of Needs Theory (B – Abraham Maslow, II): Developed by Abraham Maslow, this theory explains human motivation through a hierarchy of needs, starting from physiological and safety needs and progressing to love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
Two-Factor Theory (C – Frederick Herzberg, III): Frederick Herzberg’s theory differentiates between motivators that create job satisfaction (achievement, recognition) and hygiene factors that prevent dissatisfaction (salary, working conditions).
Cultural Dimensions Theory (D – Geert Hofstede, IV): Geert Hofstede introduced this framework to analyze how national culture influences organizational behaviour using dimensions such as power distance, individualism–collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance.
Additional Knowledge:
Theory | Proponent | Core Focus | Key Idea / Contribution | Relevance in Organizations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Theory X and Theory Y | Douglas McGregor | Managerial assumptions about employees | Theory X assumes employees dislike work and need control; Theory Y assumes employees are self-motivated and seek responsibility | Guides leadership style and managerial approach |
Hierarchy of Needs Theory | Abraham Maslow | Human motivation | Human needs follow a hierarchy from physiological needs to self-actualization | Helps managers understand employee motivation and satisfaction |
Two-Factor Theory | Frederick Herzberg | Job satisfaction and dissatisfaction | Distinguishes between motivators (satisfaction) and hygiene factors (dissatisfaction prevention) | Used in job design and motivation strategies |
Cultural Dimensions Theory | Geert Hofstede | National and organizational culture | Identifies dimensions like power distance, individualism, and uncertainty avoidance | Assists in managing cross-cultural and global organizations |
English
10 Questions
20 Marks
12 Mins
