Correct option is D
Explanation-
Analyzing Each Option-
BGC is a nonadaptive evolutionary process where one allele (typically G/C) is preferentially transmitted over another (typically A/T) during recombination and DNA repair, regardless of fitness.
Option a - BGC is present in bacteria and eukaryotes suggesting it may be present in LUCA - Correct
BGC is observed in diverse lineages, suggesting ancient evolutionary origins, possibly present in the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA).
Option b - BGC can favor the fixation of deleterious donor alleles - Correct
BGC is not driven by natural selection, so it can indeed promote fixation of even harmful (deleterious) alleles, if those alleles are G/C biased.
Option c - BGC is an example of nonadaptive evolutionary process - Correct
This is true — BGC does not increase fitness, and is a classic example of a nonadaptive (neutral or even maladaptive) mechanism.
Option d - BGC selects against maladaptations resulting in fixation of only advantageous mutations.
Incorrect → This is the correct answer to the question
BGC does not involve natural selection. It does not "select against maladaptations". It can fix neutral or even harmful mutations, as long as they follow the G/C-biased pattern. Therefore, saying that BGC fixes only advantageous mutations is false.
Final Answer:
Option d is NOT correct about BGC so, that makes it a correct answer
