The table below lists conditions (Column X) and their evolutionary/behavioural outcome (Column Y).

Column X	Column Y
A. Cooperative breeding mediated by kin selection without physiological suppression of reproduction	i. Eusocial species such as naked mole rats
B. Hormonal reproductive suppression in nonbreeding females mediated by aggression	ii. High paternity certainty , low risk of cuckoldry
C. Biparental care	iii. Delayed dispersal and breeding of offspring such as in social birds

Which one of the options below is a correct match between all terms of Column X and Column Y?

Correct option is D

Correct Answer
Option (4): A–iii, B–i, C–ii
Explanation:
Cooperative breeding mediated by kin selection without physiological suppression typically results in delayed dispersal and breeding, as seen in many social birds, so A matches iii. Hormonal reproductive suppression in nonbreeding females mediated by aggression is characteristic of eusocial mammals like naked mole rats, making B match i. Biparental care is associated with high paternity certainty and a low risk of cuckoldry, so C matches ii.
Information Booster
· Social systems evolve under ecological and reproductive constraints that shape behavior and structure.
· Kin selection favors helping relatives to gain indirect fitness benefits, often supported by hormonal suppression that maintains reproductive hierarchies.
· Biparental care emerges when offspring survival depends on sustained investment from both parents.
Additional Knowledge
Options 1, 2, and 3 incorrectly associate cooperative breeding with eusociality or paternity assurance, ignoring the absence of reproductive suppression in such systems. They also misplace biparental care, which is tightly linked to mating certainty rather than eusocial structure.