​Based on the image given below, select the option that describes it correctly:

Correct option is B

The given karyotype image displays G-banded chromosomes, which are commonly used for chromosomal analysis and abnormality detection. Upon close examination, the karyotype shows an abnormal number of chromosomes, indicative of aneuploidy (a condition where there is an abnormal number of chromosomes).

Key Observations:

1. Aneuploidy is present: The presence of an extra X chromosome (XXY) suggests Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY), or another aneuploidy disorder.
2. G-banding technique used: This is a standard method for karyotype analysis, showing banding patterns that help identify chromosomal abnormalities.
3. Sex Chromosome Abnormality: The karyotype is not a normal 46, XY or 46, XX but shows an extra X chromosome.

Since aneuploidy refers to an abnormal number of chromosomes, and the image depicts such a condition, the correct option is Option 2.

Information Booster

1. Aneuploidy Definition: A condition where a cell has an abnormal number of chromosomes (e.g., 47 or 45 instead of 46).
2. Common Aneuploidy Conditions:
   • Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) → Extra chromosome 21 (47, XX or XY, +21).
   • Klinefelter Syndrome (47, XXY) → Extra X chromosome in males.
   • Turner Syndrome (45, X) → Missing one X chromosome in females.
   • Patau Syndrome (Trisomy 13) → Extra chromosome 13.
   • Edwards Syndrome (Trisomy 18) → Extra chromosome 18.
3. G-Banding: A technique that stains chromosomal regions, making it easier to detect structural and numerical abnormalities.
4. Causes of Aneuploidy:
   • Non-disjunction during meiosis (failure of chromosome pairs to separate properly).
   • Maternal age factor: Risk increases with maternal age.
5. Effects of Aneuploidy: Can lead to developmental delays, infertility, or congenital defects, depending on which chromosome is affected.

Additional Information

• Option (1) Q-banded normal human karyotype (Incorrect)

  • Q-banding uses fluorescent dyes for chromosome analysis. This image shows G-banding, which is different.

• Option (3) C-banded karyotype depicting Klinefelter syndrome (Incorrect)

  • C-banding is a method used to stain centromeres and heterochromatin, which is not the technique used in this image.

• Option (4) G-banded normal human karyotype (Incorrect)

  • The karyotype is not normal, as there is an extra chromosome, indicating aneuploidy.