As of December 2020, how many fundamental duties are enumerated in the Constitution of India?

Correct option is C

The correct answer is (c) 11.

Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of India were added by the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 under Article 51A. Initially, there were 10 fundamental duties, but after the 86th Amendment Act of 2002, an additional duty was included, bringing the total number to 11.

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• Fundamental Duties are intended to promote a sense of responsibility and patriotism among citizens, ensuring they contribute positively to the growth of the nation.
• These duties are not enforceable by law, unlike Fundamental Rights but serve as guidelines for citizens to follow in the interest of public order and national welfare.
• The 11 duties range from respecting the Constitution to promoting the spirit of brotherhood among the people.

The Constitution of India lists 11 fundamental duties of citizens. They are as follows:

1. To respect the Constitution, the National Flag, and the National Anthem.

2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired our national struggle for freedom.

3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.

4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.

5. To promote harmony and the spirit of brotherhood among all people of India.

6. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.

7. To protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife.

8. To develop the scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform.

9. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.

10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity.

11. To provide opportunities for education to children between the ages of 6 and 14 years (added by the 86th Amendment Act of 2002).