Any counselling theory or practice that incorporates and combines doctrines, findings and techniques selected from diverse theoretical systems is termed as

Correct option is C

In the field of psychotherapy and guidance, practitioners often choose between sticking to a single rigid theory or combining multiple methods. The practice of integrating various techniques to suit the specific needs of a client is known as Eclectic Counselling.
The correct answer is (c) Eclectic counselling.
Information Booster
· Eclectic Counselling (c): Introduced primarily by F.C. Thorne, this approach is a "middle path." It rejects the idea that one single theory (like Psychoanalysis or Behaviorism) has all the answers. Instead, the counsellor selects the best doctrines and techniques from diverse systems based on what will work best for the individual client's unique problem.
· Non-directive Counselling (a): Also known as Client-Centered Therapy (developed by Carl Rogers), this approach puts the client in the driver's seat. The counsellor is a passive listener who provides empathy and unconditional positive regard, avoiding giving direct advice.
· Directive Counselling (b): Developed by E.G. Williamson, this is a "counsellor-centered" approach. The counsellor takes an active role, analyzing the problem and providing direct solutions or "directions" to the client.
· Vocational Counselling (d): This is a specialized area rather than a general methodological theory. it focuses specifically on helping individuals choose, prepare for, and enter a career or profession.
Additional Knowledge
To understand why a counsellor would choose the Eclectic approach, it helps to look at its fundamental steps as proposed by Thorne:
1. Diagnosis of the problem: Understanding the root cause.
2. Selection of techniques: Picking a tool (e.g., a "Directive" technique for a crisis, or a "Non-directive" technique for emotional venting).
3. Application: Implementing the chosen methods.
4. Evaluation: Checking if the combination is working.