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    An electrical circuit consists of two capacitors and one inductor. How many state variables are required to describe this system?
    Question

    An electrical circuit consists of two capacitors and one inductor. How many state variables are required to describe this system?

    A.

    1

    B.

    2

    C.

    3

    D.

    4

    Correct option is C

    In a dynamic electrical system, the number of state variables equals the number of independent energy storage elements. Each capacitor contributes one state variable (its voltage). Each inductor contributes one state variable (its current).Given: 2 capacitors 2 state variables 1 inductor 1 state variableTotal state variables =2+1=3\text{In a dynamic electrical system, the number of state variables equals the number of independent energy storage elements.} \\[8pt]\bullet \ \text{Each capacitor contributes one state variable (its voltage).} \\[4pt]\bullet \ \text{Each inductor contributes one state variable (its current).} \\[8pt]\text{Given:} \\[6pt]\bullet \ 2 \text{ capacitors } \rightarrow 2 \text{ state variables} \\[2pt]\bullet \ 1 \text{ inductor } \rightarrow 1 \text{ state variable} \\[10pt]\text{Total state variables } = 2 + 1 = 3​​

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