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India needs a ‘National Security Strategy’
What is National Security Strategy (NSS) and why it is important for a Nation like India?
- A National Security Strategy (NSS) is a comprehensive, high-level document that outlines a country’s strategic vision, objectives, and priorities for safeguarding its national security interests.
- It serves as a guiding framework for defense, foreign, and internal security policies, encompassing both traditional and non-traditional threats
- Given the flux in the neighborhood and changing global dynamics, a well-defined NSS signals a nation’s resolve and enhances its deterrence posture.
- An NSS can articulate India’s vision for regional cooperation and promote stability in its neighborhood
- Economic ambitions to become a $4 trillion economy can be realised if there is clear security strategy
- It helps prioritize resource allocation based on the identified threats and challenges. Ex: Indo-Pacific theatre as priority will make sure that Submarine strength is increased.
- It facilitates a broader national consensus on security priorities, fostering public awareness and support for national security initiatives.
- A well-defined NSS fosters Strategic Communication in an increasingly interconnected world
How do different countries approach their national security strategies?
- S.: Balances values and national interests, focuses on maintaining leadership
- UK: Stresses working with allies for a global role, even when it is a exaggeration
- UK can hardly afford aircraft for its carriers, but it still helps to project oneself as a “European power with global interests”.
- France: Used to restate nuclear deterrent and bid for European leadership
- These strategies often serve as power projection exercises, both internally and externally
- Externally, it is aimed to put the fear of god into such newly rising upstarts as China, and, internally, to project strength and determination to voters
Why challenges do India face in coming up with NSS?
- Requires a clear statement of threat (ex: China), which could complicate diplomatic relations (not just with China but also other relations)
- Needs to address sensitive issues like defense capabilities and weaknesses (ex: India’s submarine strength is about a fourth of China’s)
- Must allow for foreign policy flexibility (e.g., balancing stance on conflicts like that of Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Gaza)
- Transparency benefits strong nations, not those Nations (like India) that is struggling to become a global power.
- Public documents may demand chest-thumping, which could be counterproductive especially in India where it can face political opposition.
What should be the way forward?
- Integration of economic priorities with security concerns
- Setting direction for industry, financial institutions, and other economic sectors
- Keeping it simple, short, and specific
- Maintaining secrecy during the preparation stage to protect strategic interests
Can you answer the following question?
Critically examine the need for a National Security Strategy in India, discussing the challenges in formulating such a strategy and the potential benefits it could bring to the country’s strategic interests.
Capturing the cost of healthy diets
What is the current state of nutrition in India?
- Despite falling poverty rates and rising incomes, India struggles with nutritional outcomes
- High rates of undernutrition among children persist
- Rising rates of anaemia among adults
- Increasing prevalence of obesity and overweight in both rural and urban areas
Why is the cost of healthy diets a concern in India?
- 6% of India’s population (788 million people) could not afford a nutritionally adequate diet as of 2022
- Rising food prices, especially for nutritious foods like vegetables, fruits, pulses, and eggs
- Stagnating or declining real wages make healthy diets increasingly expensive
What are the limitations of the ‘Thalinomics’ approach to measuring food costs?
- Does not adequately reflect nutritional recommendations
- Excludes several nutrient-rich food groups (e.g., green leafy vegetables, dairy, nuts and seeds)
- Relies on outdated consumer expenditure data
- Does not account for diversity in tastes and local food availability
What alternative method do the authors propose for measuring the cost of a healthy diet?
- Cost of a Healthy Diet (CoHD) metric
- Uses readily available price data, not relying on expensive household consumption surveys
- Based on food group-wise energy recommendations from national Food-Based Dietary Guidelines
- Captures short-term fluctuations in costs of perishable nutritious foods
- Provides a more accurate representation of the true cost of nutritious diets, especially during crises
Can you answer the following question?
Discuss the limitations of the current ‘Thalinomics’ approach and evaluate the potential benefits of adopting a Cost of Healthy Diet (CoHD) metric for policy-making and nutritional intervention strategies.
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