Who among the following authors have proposed Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) model illustrating how tourism develops and changes over time in a region?

Correct option is B

Richard Butler proposed the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) model in 1980. This model outlines how tourist destinations develop and evolve over time, typically following a progression of stages such as exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, and decline or rejuvenation. The TALC model is widely used in tourism studies to understand the lifecycle of destinations.

1. Richard Butler's TALC model is one of the most significant theories in tourism geography and helps understand the changing dynamics of tourism in a destination over time.
2. The TALC model has been used to predict the future of various tourist destinations based on their stage in the lifecycle, offering insights for planning and management.
3. Stages in the TALC: The model shows how tourism destinations evolve from a stage of exploration (low visitation) to development (high visitation) and, eventually, to stagnation or decline (when the destination loses its attractiveness).
4. The TALC model has been critiqued for its simplicity and its applicability to all tourism destinations, but it still serves as a useful framework for understanding tourism dynamics.

• John Glasson (A): John Glasson did not propose the TALC model, although he has contributed significantly to the field of tourism geography.
• David Harvey (C): David Harvey is known for his work in urban studies and geography but did not propose the TALC model.
• Robert Prosser (D): Robert Prosser is not associated with the development of the TALC model in tourism studies.