Which one of the following approaches of human development is associated with Amartya Sen?

Correct option is C

Introduction
The Nobel laureate economist Amartya Sen is closely associated with the Capability Approach to human development. This approach focuses on expanding human 'capabilities'—the real opportunities and freedoms people have to 'be' and 'do' things they have reason to value (e.g., being healthy, being educated, having shelter). His work forms the intellectual foundation for the Human Development Index (HDI).
Information Booster
· Originator: The approach was pioneered by Nobel laureate Amartya Sen.
· Core Concept: It argues that development should be assessed not by income or utility, but by the expansion of people's capabilities—what people are genuinely able to do and be.
· Focus: Centers on real opportunities and freedoms that a person has (e.g., the freedom to live a long, healthy life).
· Human Development Index (HDI): The modern Human Development Approach, which the HDI is based on, is anchored in Sen's work on capabilities.
· Contrast with Income: Sen argues that having income is a means to development, but having the capability (e.g., the freedom to choose) is the true end of development.
Additional Points
· Welfare Approach: Focuses on government expenditure on people's welfare (education, health, etc.).
· Income Approach: The oldest approach, which links human development solely to the level of income (GDP/GNP), which Sen's work explicitly challenged.
· Basic Needs Approach: Focuses on meeting people's minimum required needs (like health, food, water, and shelter).