​Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT?​

Correct option is A

Avr proteins, which are typically involved in plant-pathogen interactions, are not primarily secreted via the SecA pathway. Instead, Avr proteins are predominantly secreted via the Type III Secretion System (T3SS), which is specifically used by many pathogenic bacteria to inject proteins directly into the host cell. SecA secretion signals are generally associated with Sec-dependent secretion pathways, which are distinct from the T3SS pathway used by plant- and animal-pathogenic bacteria to secrete Avr proteins.

Information Booster

1. Avr proteins are key virulence factors in plant-pathogenic bacteria, and they are secreted through the Type III Secretion System (T3SS), not via SecA.
2. The Type III Secretion System allows bacteria to inject proteins into the host cell, which can suppress host immunity and contribute to pathogen survival.
3. HRP proteins (Hypersensitive Response and Pathogenicity) are involved in the T3SS and play a critical role in the secretion of Avr proteins. These proteins are part of the HRP cluster, which is important for virulence.
4. The T3SS pathway is conserved across many bacterial species, and similar components are found in both plant-pathogenic and animal-pathogenic bacteria.
5. Avr proteins are important in triggering plant immune responses, and their secretion through the T3SS system allows bacteria to manipulate plant cellular functions.
6. The use of T3SS allows pathogens to overcome host defenses by secreting effector proteins directly into host cells.

Additional Information

• Option (b): Avr proteins are secreted through the type III secretion system (T3SS) is correct. T3SS is the primary system used by many plant- and animal-pathogenic bacteria to secrete Avr proteins directly into host cells.
• Option (c): Hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (HRP) cluster proteins are involved in the secretion of Avr proteins is correct. These proteins play a crucial role in the secretion and pathogenicity of Avr proteins, particularly in plant-pathogenic bacteria.
• Option (d): Some of the components of the T3SS pathway are conserved between animal- and plant-pathogenic bacteria is correct. The T3SS pathway components are highly conserved across bacterial species, both in animal and plant pathogens.