Correct option is B
Explanation:
Adiabatic cooling refers to the temperature drop experienced by rising air due to expansion without heat exchange with surroundings. There are two types:
- Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate (DALR) – The rate of cooling in unsaturated air (without condensation) is ~10°C per 1,000 m.
- Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate (MALR) – When air contains water vapor and reaches saturation, condensation releases latent heat, slowing cooling to 4°C–7°C per 1,000 m.
Thus, Option (b) is correct since the 10°C per 1,000 m rate applies only in the absence of condensation or cloud formation.
- Option (a) is incorrect because it does not consider moisture, which can alter cooling rates.
- Option (c) and (d) are incorrect because the relationship between elevation and latitude change is complex, and exact equivalences vary based on local conditions.
Information Booster:
- Adiabatic cooling is crucial in weather phenomena like cloud formation and mountain climate.
- The Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate (DALR) is ~10°C per 1,000 m, while the Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate (MALR) varies between 4–7°C per 1,000 m.
- Elevation influences climate significantly, leading to snow on mountains despite tropical latitudes.
- Tropopause is the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere, where temperature stabilizes with altitude.
- Temperature inversion occurs when temperature increases with height instead of decreasing.
