Correct option is C
The correct answer is (c).
Kin selection refers to a form of indirect selection where natural selection favors behaviors that benefit the reproductive success of an individual's relatives, even at a cost to the individual performing the behavior. This type of selection operates based on kinship, meaning that an individual may enhance the survival and reproductive success of relatives who share common genes. This concept, known as inclusive fitness, is crucial in explaining behaviors such as altruism in animals.
Incorrect options-
Survival rate- option (a): Measures the proportion of individuals surviving to a particular age; relates to direct selection.
Reproductive rate- option (b): The number of offspring produced; another measure of direct selection.
Selection via deleterious mutations- option (d): Natural selection removing harmful mutations; a direct selective force, not indirect.
