Correct option is D
Explanation-
Territorial behavior in animals refers to the active defense of an area (territory) against conspecifics (members of the same species) or other competitors. This behavior ensures access to vital resources such as food, mating opportunities, and nesting sites. Territories are not always inherited; they are often established through competition or display. They may overlap with neighbors, especially in species with shared or partial territories (e.g., some birds, wolves). The size and boundaries of territories can change due to ecological conditions (e.g., food availability, population density). However, territories are typically guarded and defended, either through physical aggression, vocalizations, scent marking, or displays.
Incorrect Options -
Option a - "Are always inherited from the parent" – Not true. While some animals may settle near parental territory, most establish new territories themselves.
Option b - "Are always non-overlapping with neighbours" – Incorrect. Territories can partially overlap, and the core areas are often more strictly defended than peripheries.
Option c - "Extent of territories remain constant over generations" – False. Territory size and boundaries can vary due to environmental pressures and population dynamics.
Correct Option: d - Are always guarded and defended
