Correct option is D
Introduction
Shifting Cultivation (also known as slash and burn or swidden agriculture) is a primitive, extensive form of agriculture practiced in tropical forest areas.
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Milpa (Central America) and
Ladang (Indonesia/Malaysia) are well-known
local names for shifting cultivation.
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Kolkhoz is a term for a
collective farm in the former Soviet Union. It is a system of state-controlled, large-scale, sedentary agriculture, entirely distinct from shifting cultivation.
Information Booster
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Definition: A
Kolkhoz was a type of
collective farm in the Soviet Union.
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Nature: It was a system of highly controlled, large-scale, sedentary agriculture and land ownership, where farmers worked as a group.
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Contrast: It is the complete opposite of the small-scale, primitive, non-sedentary (shifting) nature of shifting cultivation.
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Key Feature: Kolkhoz required permanent settlement and intensive labor on state-controlled land.
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Cultivation Type: It is not a type of shifting cultivation.
Additional Points
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Milpa: The local name for shifting cultivation in Central America and Mexico.
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Ladang: The local name for shifting cultivation in Indonesia and Malaysia.
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Slash and Burn: The most common generic name for the technique of shifting cultivation, where forests are cut and burned to clear land.