Which of these is one of the fall out of the industrial licensing system?

Correct option is A

The correct answer to the question about the fallout of the industrial licensing system in India is (a) Large industrial houses availed licenses to prevent competition.
The industrial licensing system, implemented under India's planned economy framework, was intended to regulate the expansion of industries and manage resource allocation efficiently. However, it often led to unintended consequences. One significant issue was that large industrial houses could secure licenses due to their influence and resources. This practice allowed them to maintain a monopoly or oligopoly, effectively blocking new entrants and stifling competition. This manipulation of the licensing system helped them to consolidate their positions in various industries without facing significant competition from new or smaller players.