Correct option is D
C, D, E Only
The Indian Universities Commission, also known as the Raleigh Commission, was appointed in 1902 by Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India, to inquire into the condition and prospects of universities in British India and to recommend measures for improving their constitution and working. The commission's recommendations led to the Indian Universities Act of 1904.
Let's analyze each option based on the known recommendations of the Indian Universities Commission, 1902:
A. Adoption of American system of education: The Indian Universities Commission of 1902 did not recommend the adoption of the American system of education. Its focus was on reforming the existing university structure in India, largely based on the British model, to raise academic standards and introduce greater governmental control.
B. Establishment of medical universities: While the commission did address professional education, including medicine, its primary recommendation was not the establishment of entirely new medical universities. Instead, it focused on improving the existing framework of university education, including professional courses within that framework, and increasing supervision. There were recommendations for the overall improvement of professional education, but not specifically the establishment of new, separate medical universities as a core recommendation.
C. Reorganization of University government: This was a major recommendation. The Commission aimed to reform the administration of universities. It suggested regulations for the reformation of University Senates, including reducing the number of fellows and their term of office, and providing for greater representation of affiliated colleges in the senates. It also aimed to give the government more control over the universities.
D. Changes in curricula: The Commission definitely recommended substantial changes in university curricula to elevate the standard of university teaching and promote advanced studies and research. This included recommendations for reforms in arts, science, and professional courses.
E. Changes in the methods of examination: The Commission recognized that teaching was often subordinate to examinations and that examinations needed reform. It made specific suggestions regarding examination procedures, the nomenclature of examinations and degrees, and opposed the practice of private appearances at examinations.
Conclusion:
Based on the detailed recommendations of the Indian Universities Commission, 1902, the following options are correct:
C. Reorganization of University government
D. Changes in curricula
E. Changes in the methods of examination
Therefore, the correct combination is C, D, and E.
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