​Arrange the following programmes in order of their incorporation:
A. Achieving 100% literacy
B. National Literacy Mission
C. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
D. NAEP (National Adult Education Programme)
E. Padhna Likhna Abhiyan
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:​

Correct option is B

Introduction:

India has implemented several major literacy and education initiatives over the decades to enhance access, equity, and quality in education. These programs were introduced at different times, reflecting shifts in focus from adult literacy to universal primary education, and then to complete literacy missions.

Information Booster – Year of Launch:

D. NAEP (National Adult Education Programme): Launched in 1978. This was one of the earliest major government initiatives aimed at adult literacy.

B. National Literacy Mission (NLM): Launched in 1988. This mission aimed to impart functional literacy to illiterates in the 15-35 age group, building on previous efforts and marking a significant national push for literacy.

C. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA): Launched in 2001. This comprehensive program aimed at universalising elementary education (education for children aged 6-14 years), ensuring that all children complete eight years of schooling. While distinct from adult literacy, it contributes to overall literacy rates in the long run.

E. Padhna Likhna Abhiyan (PLA): Launched in 2020. This is a centrally sponsored scheme focused on adult education, specifically targeting the goal of 100% literacy in the country, particularly among women and disadvantaged groups, building on the legacy of NLM.

A. Achieving 100% literacy: This is an overarching national goal or aspiration, rather than a specific program with a single incorporation date. It's the ultimate objective that programs like NLM and Padhna Likhna Abhiyan are designed to achieve. In a chronological arrangement of "programmes," if a goal is included, it typically represents the culmination or the continuous ultimate aim that the latest programs are directly striving for.

Additional Knowledge:

• The Saakshar Bharat Mission (2009) carried forward the goal of achieving 100% Literacy, especially for women and marginalised groups.
• Padhna Likhna Abhiyan (2020) replaced earlier adult literacy programmes, aligning with NEP 2020 goals for foundational literacy and digital learning.
• These programs represent a shift from basic adult literacy to lifelong learning and universal education.