Which of the following types of assessment is done for giving grades/marks/credits to the students?

Correct option is D

Summative assessment is used for giving grades, marks, or credits to students. It is conducted at the end of an instructional period, such as a course or term, and is used to evaluate student learning by comparing it against a standard or benchmark.
Information Booster: · Summative Assessment: Takes place at the conclusion of a learning period to evaluate the extent of learning and achievement.
· It is typically used for grading or certification purposes.
· Examples include final exams, projects, or standardized tests.
· Summative assessments are often high-stakes assessments, as they contribute significantly to a student's overall grade.
· It contrasts with formative assessment, which is used to monitor student learning during the instructional process.
Additional Knowledge:Formative Assessment (a): Continuous, low-stakes assessment meant to provide feedback to improve learning and instruction, not typically used for grades.
Integrative Assessment (b): A type of assessment that evaluates a student's ability to integrate knowledge from multiple areas, though it’s less common as a standalone term in assessment.
Diagnostic Assessment (c): Conducted before instruction begins to identify students’ strengths, weaknesses, and learning needs.