Which of the following pairs is/are INCORRECTLY matched?
A. Separation of Executive from the Judiciary – Article 50
B. Organisation of the village panchayats and endow them with powers – Article 40
C. Promote justice, on a basis of equal opportunity, and to provide free legal aid to the poor – Article 39A
D. Organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines – Article 45

Correct option is D

The correct answer is (d) D only.
The articles listed here belong to the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in Part IV of the Indian Constitution. These principles serve as guidelines for the government to create policies aimed at social and economic welfare.
· Separation of Executive from the Judiciary – Article 50: Correct. Article 50 mandates the state to take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive to ensure an independent judicial system.
· Organisation of the village Panchayats and endow them with powers – Article 40: Correct. Article 40 directs the state to organize village Panchayats and empower them to act as units of self-government.
· Promote justice, on a basis of equal opportunity, and to provide free legal aid to the poor – Article 39A: Correct. Article 39A was added by the 42nd Amendment of 1976 and directs the state to ensure equal justice and free legal aid to economically weaker sections of society.
· Organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines – Article 45: Incorrect. This statement is actually described in Article 48, which directs the state to organize agriculture and animal husbandry along scientific lines. Article 45 originally focused on free and compulsory education for children, though it now promotes early childhood care and education after the 86th Amendment.
Additional Information:
· Article 45 was modified to focus on early childhood education and care after the 86th Amendment in 2002.
· The Directive Principles are non-justiciable, meaning they cannot be legally enforced but serve as important moral and policy guidelines.