Which of the following is a common feature of a judiciary that lacks independence?

Correct option is C

The correct answer is (c) Decisions favouring the ruling government.

Detailed Explanation of Judicial Independence
A lack of judicial independence is a hallmark of an authoritarian or politically compromised justice system. The judiciary's primary function in a democracy is to act as a neutral arbiter, interpreting the law and the constitution without fear or favor.

Common Feature of a Non-Independent Judiciary
Decisions favouring the ruling government: When the judiciary lacks independence, judges are often pressured, appointed based on political loyalty, or fear retaliation (such as removal or reassignment) if they rule against the powerful executive or legislative branches. Consequently, court decisions frequently align with the interests and policies of the ruling government or the dominant political party, effectively making the judiciary an enforcement arm of the state rather than a check on its power.