A jurisdiction under Article 131 is described as:

Correct option is D

The correct answer is d) original and exclusive.
Article 131 of the Indian Constitution grants the Supreme Court a special power to act as the "Federal Court" of India. This jurisdiction is unique because it allows certain disputes to bypass all lower courts and go directly to the apex court.

Information Booster :

Defining the Terms
Original Jurisdiction: This means the Supreme Court has the power to hear the case in the first instance. The case does not come to the Supreme Court as an appeal from a lower court; it starts there.
Exclusive Jurisdiction: This means only the Supreme Court has the authority to hear these specific disputes. No High Court or subordinate court in India can entertain these matters.

When can Article 131 be invoked?
This jurisdiction is specifically designed to resolve disputes between the different units of the Indian Federation. It applies to disputes involving a question of law or fact on which a legal right depends, between:

The Government of India (Union) and one or more States.
The Government of India and any State(s) on one side and one or more other States on the other.
Two or more States against each other.

Important Exclusions (Limitations)
Not every dispute between the Centre and States falls under Article 131. The jurisdiction does not extend to:

Pre-Constitutional Treaties: Disputes arising out of any treaty, agreement, or covenant entered into before the commencement of the Constitution.
Inter-State Water Disputes: These are handled by specific tribunals under Article 262.

Finance Commission Matters: Matters referred to the Finance Commission under Article 280.
Private Citizens: A private individual or a corporation cannot sue the government under Article 131; they must use other provisions like Article 32 (Writ jurisdiction) or Article 226.