Which of the following Environmental movements are correctly written with their place of origin?
A. Appiko Movement (1983) – Kerala B. Bishnoi Movement (1700) – Rajasthan C. Gandhamardhana Movement (1983) – Odisha D. Jungle Bachao Movement (1982) – Bihar E. Silent Valley Movement (1973) – Karnataka
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct option is B

1. Appiko Movement (1983):
· Originated in Karnataka, not Kerala.
· Inspired by the Chipko Movement, it aimed to protect forests from commercial exploitation.
2. Bishnoi Movement (1700):
· Originated in Rajasthan.
· Bishnoi villagers protested against tree felling, leading to the sacrifice of 363 people under the leadership of Amrita Devi.
3. Gandhamardhana Movement (1983):
· Originated in Odisha.
· Focused on resisting bauxite mining in the ecologically sensitive Gandhamardhana Hills.
4. Jungle Bachao Movement (1982):
· Originated in Bihar (later Jharkhand).
· Protested the replacement of natural forests with commercial plantations.
5. Silent Valley Movement (1973):
· Originated in Kerala, not Karnataka.
· Aimed to stop a hydroelectric project in the Silent Valley rainforest.
Additional Knowledge: 1. Bishnoi Movement:
· Early environmental movement focusing on the protection of wildlife and trees.
· Led to legislation for forest conservation in the region.
2. Appiko Movement:
· Aimed to save the Western Ghats forests in Karnataka from deforestation.
3. Silent Valley Movement:
· One of India’s first movements to conserve biodiversity.
· Successful in halting the proposed hydroelectric dam in Silent Valley.
4. Jungle Bachao Andolan:
· Protest against forest management policies affecting indigenous populations.
5. Gandhamardhana Hills Movement:
· Resistance against mining that would harm biodiversity and the livelihood of tribal communities.