Which constitutional amendment act inserted the words ‘Sovereignty and Integrity of India’ in Article 19 of the Constitution?

Correct option is C

The 16th Constitutional Amendment Act (1963) inserted the words "Sovereignty and Integrity of India" in Article 19(2) of the Constitution. This amendment was introduced in the context of internal security concerns, specifically to curb activities that could threaten the unity and integrity of the nation.
Explanation:
1. Article 19:
· Provides citizens with six fundamental freedoms, including freedom of speech and expression.
· Article 19(2) allows reasonable restrictions on these freedoms in the interest of sovereignty, integrity, security, public order, morality, etc.
2. Impact of the 16th Amendment:
· Strengthened the legal framework to restrict speech or activities undermining the unity and sovereignty of India.
· Added "Sovereignty and Integrity of India" as grounds for imposing reasonable restrictions on freedoms under Article 19.
Explanation of Other Options:
1. (a) 42nd Amendment:
· Incorrect. Known as the "Mini-Constitution," it brought extensive changes but did not insert the words in Article 19.
2. (b) 44th Amendment:
· Incorrect. Focused on reversing many provisions of the 42nd Amendment, particularly related to fundamental rights.
3. (d) 38th Amendment:
· Incorrect. This amendment strengthened emergency powers but did not involve Article 19.
Information Booster:
1. Context of the 16th Amendment:
· Introduced after the Chinese aggression (1962) and rising internal challenges like separatist movements.
· Aimed to preserve national unity and territorial integrity.
2. Reasonable Restrictions Under Article 19(2):
· Public order, sovereignty, integrity, security of the state, decency, morality, and more.