Which amendment introduced the third tier of government in the Indian Democracy ?

Correct option is D

The third tier of government, which refers to local self-government, was introduced through the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in 1992. These amendments gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), strengthening grassroots democracy in India.

Key Features of the 73rd Amendment Act (1992):

• Implemented in 1993, it provided a constitutional framework for the Panchayati Raj System in rural areas.
• Three-tier system:
  • Gram Panchayat (Village Level)
  • Panchayat Samiti (Block Level)
  • Zila Parishad (District Level)
• Mandatory elections every five years.
• Reservation for SCs, STs, and women (33%) in Panchayati Raj Institutions.
• Added Schedule 11 to the Constitution, listing 29 subjects under Panchayati Raj governance.

Key Features of the 74th Amendment Act (1992):

• Implemented in 1993, it provided a constitutional framework for Urban Local Bodies (Municipalities).
• Three types of Urban Local Bodies:
  • Nagar Panchayats (for transitioning rural-urban areas)
  • Municipal Councils (for smaller urban areas)
  • Municipal Corporations (for large cities)
• Reservation for SCs, STs, and women (33%) in urban governance.
• Added Schedule 12 to the Constitution, listing 18 subjects under urban governance.

Information Booster:-

1. First state to implement Panchayati Raj: Rajasthan (Nagaur district, 1959).
2. First Municipal Corporation in India: Madras (now Chennai), 1688.
3. Articles Related to Local Government: Articles 243 to 243-ZG in the Constitution.
4. 67th Amendment – This amendment, passed in 1990, was related to preventing anti-defection and not local governance