How does the legislature exercise oversight over the executive in India?

Correct option is D

The correct answer is d) Through mechanisms like Question Hour and No-Confidence Motions.
In India’s parliamentary democracy, the Executive (the Council of Ministers) is collectively responsible to the Legislature (the Lok Sabha). This means the government stays in power only as long as it enjoys the support of the majority in the House. To ensure this responsibility is met, the Legislature uses several tools of oversight.

Information Booster :

Key Oversight Mechanisms

The Legislature exercises control through daily, periodic, and financial methods:

Question Hour: Every day of the parliamentary session starts with an hour dedicated to questions. MPs can ask ministers about government policies, performance, and specific issues. This forces the executive to defend its actions on the record.
No-Confidence Motion: This is the most powerful tool. If the Lok Sabha passes a No-Confidence Motion against the government, the entire Council of Ministers (including the Prime Minister) must resign.

Zero Hour: Following the Question Hour, MPs can raise urgent matters of public importance without prior notice.
Adjournment Motion: Used to draw the attention of the House to a matter of urgent public importance that requires immediate discussion, often interrupting the scheduled business.

Financial Control: The government cannot spend a single rupee from the Consolidated Fund of India without the Legislature's approval (passing the Budget and Appropriation Bills).