What is the 'contact hypothesis'?

Correct option is C

The contact hypothesis, proposed by Gordon Allport in 1954, suggests that positive contact between different social groups can reduce prejudice and intergroup tensions, provided certain conditions are met, such as equal status, cooperation, and common goals. This hypothesis challenges the idea that contact necessarily leads to more prejudice or that prejudice is inherently unchangeable. The key to reducing prejudice is the quality of the interaction.

Information Booster:
1. The contact hypothesis is often tested in intergroup relations research.
2. Positive contact is most effective in structured, cooperative environments (e.g., shared tasks or goals).
3. The equal status condition ensures no group holds power over the other.
4. Extended contact (indirect contact through shared acquaintances) can also reduce prejudice.
5. Stereotyping can be reduced when individuals see their counterparts as unique and competent.
6. Real-world applications include desegregation efforts and cross-cultural exchanges.