Under the heuristics, which of the following is a strategy for the solution of the problems stands for the identification of the difference between the current state and the one that is desired in relation to the nature and solution of the problems and the taking action to reduce this difference for arriving at the solution of the problem:

Correct option is A

The correct answer is (a); Means-end Analysis
It is the strategy that involves the identification of the difference between the current state and the desired state in relation to the nature and solution of problems, and taking action to reduce this difference to arrive at the solution. This heuristic approach focuses on breaking down the problem into smaller parts and setting up goals or sub-goals that directly reduce the difference between the current state and the desired outcome. By continually identifying and overcoming the obstacles that stand in the way of these goals, means-end analysis provides a structured framework for problem-solving that is especially useful in complex situations where the solution is not immediately obvious.
Information Booster: -
• Using an Analogy (b) involves solving a problem by finding a similar problem with a known solution and applying that solution to the current problem.
• Sub-goal Analysis (c) is a method where the larger problem is broken down into smaller, more manageable problems or sub-goals. Each sub-goal is addressed individually, contributing to the resolution of the larger problem.
• Working Backward (d) is a strategy used when the end goal is known, but the steps to reach it are not clear. In this approach, you start with the desired outcome and work backward to determine what must happen immediately before that, continuing in reverse order until you reach the current state.